As a result, his actions are considered among the most significant factors in the rise of the Indian independence movement. The historian Tan Tai Yong described this mutual cooperation between local political leaders and the military as. Michael Dwyer was later to become Chief of Police (1813-1820) at Liverpool . In 1925, he published India as I Knew It in which he wrote that his time as administrator in Punjab was preoccupied by the threat of terrorism and the spread of political agitation. Family tree. Una Eunice was the daughter of Antoine Bord of Castres, France. [1], After a year and a half of travels around Europe and Russia,[4] he was selected by Lord Curzon for a significant role in the organisation of the new North-West Frontier Province and its separation from Punjab. He was the sixth child of his parents and had thirteen siblings. Reginald Dyer ordered his army men to shoot the innocent people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919, and Michael ODwyer supported Reginald Dyer for his actions. From 1908 to 1909, he was a resident of Hyderabad. He was Born on April 1864 as the 6th son in a family of 14 children, to John O'Dwyer of Barronstown, Solohead, and . Michael ODwyer served as the revenue commissioner from 1901 to 1908. One of a premeditated plan conspired by ODwyer and others, including a young Punjabi youth Hans Raj.. Research genealogy for Michael Dwyer of Warrenheip, Ballarat East, Victoria, Australia, as well as other members of the Dwyer family, on Ancestry. Michael ODwyer wrote, Your action is correct and the lieutenant-governor approves.. [1] He was the sixth son in a family of fourteen children,[1][2] At the age of seven, he was sent to be schooled at St Stanislaus College, Rahan, County Offaly.[1]. During the proceedings of the case, Michael ODwyer provided various justifications for Dyers actions at the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Later, the British government estimated the casualties and stated in its records that Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer was the commanding officer, who ordered Gurkha troops to fire on more than 379 unarmed civilians gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh. In 1883, his father died of a heart attack. Adored and sadly missed by his loving wife Liz . The ensuing debate was Irelands first entry into the growing discussion about the politics of memory, colonial legacies, and demands to confront uncomfortable aspects of our past. Michael ODwyer was working as the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab when a meeting was organised by local Punjabis at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919, and the massacre occurred in Amritsar after three days of violent riots. Michael is a brother of former Round Towers . COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with . I did it because I had a grudge against him. When Michael ODwyer was honoured with this order, the Viceroy Penshurst commented, Punjab was the Province about which the Government were then the most concerned; that there was much inflammable material lying about; which required very careful handling if an explosion was to be avoided.. Michael Francis O'Dwyer was born on 28 April 1864 in Barronstown, Limerick Junction, County Tipperary, to John, a landowner of Barronstown, Solohead, and Margaret (ne Quirke) O'Dwyer, of Toem, both in County Tipperary, Ireland. Burning down the big house: It is only right to say the raiders were excessively polite. A Q & A with Celtic Thunder's Newest Member - Michael O'Dwyer.If you have not already purchased tickets to see LEGACY live when it comes to your town, you st. There are accounts of the O'Dwyer family participating in the Battle of Clontarf and Irish clan warfare. Journal of clinical oncology 20 (1), 325-334. , 2002. Moreover, General Dyer sent his report directly to the lieutenant governor in Lahore through a special messenger., Before the reforms it was in the power of the Lieutenant-Governor, a single individual, to commit the atrocities in the Punjab which we know only too well.. View the profiles of people named Michael O'Dwyer. Saved. They were secretly sent to Dharamshala, a region at the foot of the Himalayas. [39] O'Dwyer was later buried in Brookwood Cemetery, near Woking. Michael O'Dwyer is an experienced Clinician Scientist with a strong track record in clinical and translational research in blood cancers and has been involved in the clinical drug development of many ground-breaking treatments for Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma. Children: [2] Thus began a back-and-forth exchange of newspaper clippings of mutual interest, with ODwyer and Hyde agreeing on many criticisms of Englands historical treatment of the Irish. In 1917, O'Dwyer's efforts in recruiting Punjabi men for the war effort earned him appointment as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Indian Empire,[1][8] when India's Viceroy was Lord Chelmsford. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919 occurred in Amritsar during his tenure as the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab. The couple had two children, a daughter named Una Mary O'Dwyer, and a son. At least 379 peaceful protesters in Amritsar were killed by British troops in April 1919. Margaret(maggie) Dwyer In 1882, he qualified for the open entrance competition for the Indian Civil Service. His zodiac sign was Taurus. He was the real culprit. As this debate was unfolding, a previously unknown record about another uncomfortable aspect of Irelands colonial history was being uncovered just a short walk away at the National Archives. Here are Michael's most likely phone numbers: (845) 359-4777(Verizon New York, Inc), (845) 641-3754(Cellco PartnershipVerizon New York, Inc). Michael ODwyer after he was relieved from his position in 1920. Michael O'Dwyer, MD Founder & Director. There is increasing pressure for a more comprehensive, nuanced, and honest reckoning with history. His first posting as an ICS officer was at Shahpur in Punjab. Michael F. O'Dwyer of Salem, NH passed away peacefully with his family by his side on Monday, September 20, 2021. Unavailable. (Obituary. Born in New Orleans, LA on May 7, 1947, he was the eldest son of Rudolph "Rudy" Theodore O'Dwyer, Jr. and Juanita Pfister O'Dwyer who predeceased him. Mesopotamia, 1917-1920: A Clash of Loyalties; A Personal and Historical Record. Soon, he was enrolled at Balliol College, Oxford to complete his two years of probation. Michael ODwyer. In 1896, Michael ODwyer was appointed as the director of the land records and agriculture in the Alwar and Bharatpur provinces of Punjab. Soon, the implementation of martial law was restricted by the British government in India; however, Michael ODwyer imposed it in Punjab and denied the responsibility for the consequences of the same. [24] As a result, his actions are considered one of the most significant factors in the rise of the Indian independence movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi. Mr. O'Dwyer was born Aug. 29, 1931 in Ireland, son of the late Johanna Murphy O'Dwyer and the late Michael O'Dwyer. In 1934, he said that a democratic constitution in India would be a sham. Ireland became inhospitable for many. Michael F. O'Dwyer - Salem, NH. Sir Michael ODwyer: believed the most successful periods of British and Irish history were when the Anglo-Norman and the Gael were united. [14][15][16] As the news of the arrest became widespread, supporters began to gather near Irving's home, and what initially began as a peaceful attempt to make enquiries ended up in a violent clash. During his tenure as the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, on 13 April 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar. Michael Francis O'Dwyer, formally addressed as Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer, GCIE, KCSI served as one of the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, which was annexed by British East India Company in 1849 after Second Anglo Sikh War through Treaty of Lahore, from the year 1912 to 1919. To build this force, he organised a centralised system with the help of some local Punjabi leaders and military men, and he promised the recruited soldiers that he would provide them pieces of land and formal titles as rewards. I am not scared of death. MICHAEL O'DWYER OBITUARY April 21, 1936 - October 10, 2020 Born to William and Jessie (ne Maher) in Chicago. Son of a small farmer, he was destined to become one of Wicklow's most famous sons, and a living legend in his own time. This was an emergency criminal law passed by the Governor-General of India in 1915. These trials carried over for more than five weeks. The group's dynamic live music experience and uplifting songs, accentuated by a full symphony . Michael ODwyer added, while supporting Dyer, that it was a coincidence that the Jallianwala Bagh incident occurred when the rumours of the Afghan invasion were spread all across the globe. O'DWYER, Michael William. What will you do/say? The revolutionary and local people decided to schedule a peaceful meeting at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919 as a protest against the arrests. The Irish nationalists burned Michael ODwyers home in Ireland in 1882. Michael earned a first-class division in jurisprudence in the final year of his college. Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer GCIE KCSI (28 April 1864 13 March 1940) was an British colonial officer in the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, British India, between 1913 and 1919. Death 25 Dec 1962 - Hambledon Surrey, England. Michael ODwyer cleared the final examination of the Indian Civil Service in 1884 in which he secured the fourth rank. Said to be influenced into republicanism by his schoolteacher, Peter Birr, he joined the United Irishmen in 1797 . [43], In his book India as I knew it (1925), O'Dwyer disclosed that his time as administrator in Punjab was preoccupied by the threat of terrorism and the spread of political agitation.[1]. This law was backdated to 30 March 1919 in the records by the British authorities. Michael O'Dwyer was born and brought up in Barronstown, Limerick Junction, County Tipperary. Later, Michael ODwyer supported the actions of Reginald Dyer and other British military officials who were involved in the massacre. I am not scared of death. He was born in Arlington, MA on April 6, 1951. Consequently, on 15 April 1919, martial law was imposed in Punjab. He was appointed lieutenant general of the Punjab in 1912. Punjab was in such a disturbing position at that time that the British government decided to dismiss Michael ODwyer from his position. Hydes secretary sent a polite initial thank you for the advice on August 29th but a few weeks later, at the request of the president, ODwyer was forwarded from ras an Uachtarin a review of The Last Lords of Ormond by ODwyers fellow Tipperary-born historian Dermot F. Gleeson. I have protested against this, it was my duty. It was implemented as an emergency criminal law, which was passed by the Governor-General of India in 1915. He died on 6 April 1986, in his hometown, at the age of 78. . Reportedly, Michael ODwyer kept on justifying the actions of Reginald Dyer during the entire court proceedings. Later, Michael ODwyer went to Mr Wrens Educational Crammer School in Powis Square, London to pursue his high school education. Michael John O'Dwyer November 21, 1953 - October 19, 2022 IN THE CARE OF Gross Funeral Home Michael John O'Dwyer, 68, known as John O by all who knew and loved him was born on November 21, 1953 in Detroit, Michigan to John Gabriel O'Dwyer and Rosemarie (Rody) O'Connor O'Dwyer. [7] He distinguished himself in land revenue settlement work and in 1896 was made director of land records and agriculture in Punjab. During this time, Lord Hardinge of Penshurst was the Viceroy of India. As historians are increasingly demonstrating, 19th and early-20th century political ideologies were a spectrum rather than a polarity, on which ideas offensive to modern sensibilities existed at both ends. According to family historian Sir Michael O'Dwyer, Philip's male-line ancestry was as follows: Philip's parents were Anthony O'Dwyer [born ca.1505] and Catherine Burke, daughter of William Burke, created Lord Baron of Castle-Connell by Queen Elizabeth in 1580 Son of Michael John O'Dwyer & Mary Ann Jane Wolfe; husband of Angela M. Cantlon, married Oct. 6, 1919 at Kenilworth. [6][23], O'Dwyer and several other senior officials and military officers supported Dyer's actions both initially, when only limited information had been received, and later, when more detailed information of the scale of the killings became available. Father Michael Francis O'Dwyer. [2] The co-operation between the civil and military leaders and the leading rural Punjabis, as later described by the historian Tan Tai Yong, laid "the foundations of a militarized bureaucracy in colonial Punjab". Michael ODwyer then went to Balliol College, Oxford to complete two years of IAS probation. His wife, Una Eunice, was the daughter of Antoine Bord of Castres, France. Since publication, Prof Ohlmeyers article has triggered a plethora of splenetic blog posts, condemnatory letters to the editor, and a swarm of venomous attacks on her across social media. He was brought up in a world of hunting and snipe-shooting, of threatening letters and houghed cattle, where you were for the Government or against it, where you passed every day the results of lawlessness in the blackened walls of empty houses. After the merger with Daniel Gale Sotheby's International Realty, Michael remained the manager of the Stony Brook office. [1] On 21 April 1919 in Dyer's defence, O'Dwyer stated to Viceroy Chelmsford that "the Amritsar business cleared the air, and if there was to be holocaust anywhere, and one regrets that there should be, it was best at Amritsar". He was portrayed by. Luck of the Irish Brings New Member to Celtic Thunder. [36][37] O'Dwyer subsequently successfully sued Nair for libel and was awarded 500 damages. [1], He played a significant role in persuading the British government in India to pass the 1915 Defence of India Act,[1] which gave him considerable powers. Mickey,"Papa O'Dwyer" was loved so much by all of us. ODwyer believed the extremist Fenian violence of the Land League had deterred investment and consequently held the Irish economy back. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. February 9, 2016. At the emotional Funeral Mass of the late Michael 'Haulie' O'Dwyer, the famous O'Dwyer family of Waterville vowed to stand by Haulie's wife, Liz, in the dark days ahead as "she is an . The couple had two children. As a result, on court orders, Nair paid 500 damages to Michael ODwyer. The Fusion of the Anglo-Norman and the Gael is a remarkable interpretation of Anglo-Irish relations, replete with references to blood lines, miscegenation, and racial degeneracy. More than 360,000 soldiers were recruited from Punjab, and this number was more than half of the whole recruitment from all across India. Sankaran Nair wrote, On 4 September 1920, a 12-point charge sheet against Michael ODwyer was issued by. In 1885, soon after becoming an IAS officer, Michael ODwyer moved to India. Published by The Connacht Tribune from Feb. 4 to Feb. 7, 2023. It is as much about what we choose to forget as what we choose to remember, and Michael ODwyers dramatic example sheds new light on the often paradoxical ways Irish national consciousness has been shaped. During his term of office as lieutenant-governor of the Punjab, there occurred the Amritsar affair, of April 13, 1919, which marked one of the most difficult periods in Indian affairs of those times., Michael ODwyers Grave at Brookwood Cemetery, Since his retirement from the post of lieutenant-governor of Punjab, Sir Michael had on many occasions bitterly opposed the changing form of administration in India. Yong described it as, The foundations of a militarized bureaucracy in colonial Punjab.. 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Up to 10% cash back anastasia married michael patrick o'dwyer. Michael Dwyer, The Wicklow Chief, was born about 1772, the eldest of seven children of John Dwyer and Mary Byrne of Camera, County Wicklow. Soon, the news of Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapals arrest and escort spread all across the region, and people started gathering around his (Irving) house to protest against the arrests. All these situations persuaded Michael ODwyer to implement Martial Law in Punjab on 15 April 1919, and this law backdated to 30 March 1919. I am happy that I have done the job. On 30 April 1924, Michael ODwyers Jallianwala Bagh massacre case was started before Justice McCardie in the Court of Kings Bench in London and was carried over five weeks. [1] She established 'Lady O'Dwyer's Punjab Comforts Fund',[41] one of several charitable organisations created in India during the First World War to raise money and other gifts to provide comforts for troops serving with the Indian Army. They also demanded their court trials and the abolition of the Rowlatt Act. Consequently,Michael ODwyer filed a defamation case against Sir Sankaran Nair and was awarded 500 damages. Leave a sympathy message to the family on the memorial page of James Michael O'Dwyer to pay them a last tribute. There was no such thing as an Indian nation. [4] Of his siblings, two brothers served in India, and two others became Jesuit priests. It was a world very different from the mild and ordered life of southern England One gets the impression [of ODwyer when at Balliol] of a man who seldom opened a book without a purpose, whose keen hard brain acquired quickly and did not forget but had little time for subtleties.. Suspect women: Why were more than 500 females imprisoned during the Civil War? Consequently, the protesters decided to organise a peaceful gathering at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919 as a protest against the detentions. I am dying for my country. "Reginald Dyer had been born in India in 1864 but was . Later, he attended Mr Wren's educational crammer school in Powis Square, London, and subsequently passed the open entrance competition for the Indian Civil Service in 1882. Gerard O' Dwyer Unknown - Unknown. [1] When he assumed charge in May 1913, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India[8] and was cautioned by the Viceroy Hardinge that "the Punjab was the Province about which the Government were then the most concerned; that there was much inflammable material lying about; which required very careful handling if an explosion was to be avoided". In his pugnacious biography, India as I Knew it 1885-1925, he made clear that he saw the threat of Indian nationalist Ghadr terrorism in the strategically important Punjab province as analogous to the militant Fenian attacks he had witnessed in his homeland. The o'dwyer family project welcomes all who are . In 1882, the home of Michael ODwyer was burned by the nationalist of Ireland. He lived in Hyderabad from 1908 to 1909. Cora was born in 1896, in Victoria, Australia. Current occupation is listed as Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations. These included a genealogy of his own family, The ODwyers of Kilnamanagh. During the court proceedings, Udham Singh said that he took revenge for the Jallianwala massacre and had grudges against Michael ODwyer. I am happy that I have done the job. They were kept under house arrest. Spouse(s) Annie Kathleen Tumelty 1917 - 1997. Michael has been in real estate for over 40 years having previously owned and managed Virginia O'Dwyer Real Estate. From 1913 t 1919, he served as the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, British India. MEMORIES & CONDOLENCES FOR MICHAEL O'DWYER Major General Sir William Beynon stated in one of his writings that Michael ODwyer opposed the changing administration form in India on many occasions after his retirement from the post of lieutenant-governor of Punjab. The O'Dwyer Clan: about 700-1700 Generation 1 Edmond and Catherine Dwyer: late 1700s to early 1800s Generation 2 John Dwyer (about 1800-1865) and Johanna Dee (about 1814-1902) (married about February 11, 1833) Their children: Catherine Dwyer (b. about 1834) Edward Dwyer (about 1836-1889) James D. Dwyer (1838-1909) John D. Dwyer (1841-1914) His Indian career, he suggested, embodied the opportunities of Empire now being afforded to Irish Catholics who had, since the Flight of the Wild Geese, a proud tradition of imperial service. He was the kindest, loving . The Jallianwala Bagh incident led to the rise in the Indian independence movement. Children Show all. His life story furthers the still controversial truth that even in the aftermath of the Irish Revolution, deeply held Irish cultural and political nationalism were not always incompatible with holding a strong and simultaneous sense of Britishness too. R.P. During his college studies, ODwyer passed his final year of examination in the first division in jurisprudence. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Michael ODwyer Wiki, Age, Death, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More. During the same time, Michael ODwyer was held responsible and guilty of the killings of dozens of women, men, and children when he ordered to throw bombs at them from an aeroplane during the riots in Gujranwala. Eddie O'Leary , jockey Conor O'Dwyer, the groom, Micheal O'Leary and his wife Anita with War of Attrition after winning the Novice Chase. Michael married on 16 Oct 1798 to Mary Doyle of Cullentragh. He was of Irish descent. In 1915, Michael ODwyer was one of the administrators who played an important role in compelling the British government in India to pass the 1915 Defence of India Act. Soon, they were transported secretly to Dharamshala in the Himalayas region and were kept under house arrest. Parents. She was the recipient of the Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. I am dying for my country. He was given the charge of the inland revenue settlement work. According to his companions, he was a fearless rider and a very fine tennis player. [9][10], Of the Indian recruits for the War from the whole of India, the 360,000 from the Punjab formed more than half. He wanted to crush the spirit of my people, so I have crushed him. In August last year commentary began to appear across Irish media concerning the controversial removal of listed statues from the front of Dublins Shelbourne Hotel. He married Una Eunice, daughter of Antoine Bord of Castres, France, on 21 November 1896. Consequently, on 15 April 1919, he administrated martial law in Punjab. In a letter dated August 25th, ODwyer even offered policy advice on economic and land reforms to the Irish government, based on his experiences in the so-called Punjab School of paternalistic British Raj administrators who saw themselves, especially in agrarian matters, as looking to the happiness and welfare of the masses. The wife of Michael ODwyer organised a Lady ODwyers Punjab Comforts Fund during the First World War to help the soldiers who served the Indian Army. Michael ODwyer stated, The actions of Dyer were backed by Michael ODwyer and various senior British military officers. His full name was Sir Michael Francis ODwyer. At the time, the ICS examination was highly competitive, with no more than 1200 ICS officers in office at one time, and he was likely influenced by the reputations of the likes of Lord Lawrence, one of the first British civil administrators in India. This movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi. On his return to London, ODwyer followed up with a letter to President Hyde on September 18th in which he attached a copy of a book he had written, The Fusion of the Anglo-Norman and the Gael, which the president had earlier expressed an interest in reading. Stage credits: The Fantastics,. Michael E O'Dwyer The phase 1b 16-BCNI-001/CTRIAL-IE 16-02 CyBorD-DARA trial investigated the combination of Daratumumab with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with. Ireland had a variety of intricate relationships with the Empire, as recent work on the Connaught Rangers Mutiny of 1920 or the sending of remittances by Irish East India Company soldiers to pay for the first Catholic churches built after Emancipation in 1829, show. Between 300 and 1,500 peaceful demonstrators were killed (depending on whether one believes the British or Indian accounts) at the holy city of Amritsar. Those who returned from the war aspired to a reward and a better life. In 1938, he published a book titled Fusion of Anglo-Norman and Gael. When Michael O'Dwyer was born in 1900, in Ballyhaunis, County Mayo, Ireland, his father, Michael O'Dwyer, was 40 and his mother, Maggie O'Reilly, was 35. Soon, he was held responsible for the killings of dozens of innocent people, including children, during the riots in Gujranwala when he send an aeroplane to clear the area by throwing bombs at people. The formerly uncatalogued files I discovered contain accounts of meetings and letters of correspondence from August to October 1938 between one of the most notorious exponents of British imperialism, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, and two leading Irish nationalists of the early 20th century, former taoiseach amon de Valera and former president Douglas Hyde. Michael was born in London, Ontario and earned a B.A. He was one of the administrators of British India who was granted some crucial authoritative ruling powers after the passing of the 1915 Defence Act. England, which in the past blocked the way by opposing the fusion of Gael and Anglo-Norman, would now favour such a union. We encourage you to research and examine these records to . The Taoiseach and he shared a lengthy conversation about Irish history and politics and ODwyer told of how welcome de Valera had made him feel, seemingly oblivious that Devs anti-Treaty IRA had once planned to assassinate him in solidarity with the Indian independence struggle, during a trip home to visit family in December 1923. His family never supported the nationalism movement and the Young Ireland movement in Ireland. During this conference, a standing tribute was paid to the innocent deceased civilians of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre by all the delegates. During his term of office as lieutenant-governor of the Punjab, there occurred the Amritsar affair, of April 13, 1919, which marked one of the most difficult periods in Indian affairs of those times., Since his retirement from the post of lieutenant-governor of Punjab, Sir Michael had on many occasions bitterly opposed the changing form of administration in India. February 3, 2016. Echoing this view, the most recent published account of his life and assassination by the Indian nationalist Udham Singh in 1940, Anita Anand's The Patient Assassin (2019), describes O'Dwyer's supposed "loathing" of Irish nationalists and his Catholic co-religionists. [36], O'Dwyer, aged 75, was shot dead at a joint meeting of the East India Association and the Central Asian Society (now Royal Society for Asian Affairs) in Caxton Hall in Westminster, London, on 13 March 1940, by Indian revolutionary, Udham Singh, in retaliation for the massacre in Amritsar.[1][39]. [25], One theory surrounding the massacre, as described by Pearay Mohan[26] and historian Raja Ram, is one of a "premeditated plan" conspired by O'Dwyer and others, including a young Punjabi youth Hans Raj. Michael ODwyers Grave at Brookwood Cemetery, The massacre was not an isolated event but an important link in the chain of incidents before and after with the intention of unleashing a reign of terror in Punjab.. What a greater honour could be bestowed on me than death for the sake of my motherland?. From 1901 to 1908, he was revenue commissioner; from 1908 to 1909, he was acting resident in Hyderabad; and from 1910 to 1912, he was agent to the governor-general in Central India. Report a problem? His actions during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre resulted in the rise of Indian independence movements all across the country. Sir Michael, who was seventy-five, was an Irishman, and one of the most outstanding men in Indian Administration. He was an Army Veteran who retired as a Major having served in the Artillery for 20 years. [33][34], Although O'Dwyer had implemented martial law in the Punjab, he denied responsibility for the consequences on the grounds that the government had relieved him of its general implementation. In 1910, he was appointed as the agent to the governor-general in Central India, and he served this role till 1912.
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