TheTelegraph has been runat a healthy profit for more than 15 years as it has pursued a right-wing, anti-Europe agenda. Although the Conservatives had 258, Ramsay MacDonald agreed to head a minority government, and therefore became the first member of the party to become Prime Minister. One newspaper, The Yorkshire Post, raised serious questions about this issue: "The danger of these negotiations was two-fold. Harmsworth, the 3rd Viscount Rothermere. Both are close to Mr. Dacre, who suffered a setback of his own last week when he withdrew his name from contention to lead Britains communications regulator, Ofcom, despite support from the Johnson government. (23rd May, 2014), Why MI5 did not want you to know about Ernest Holloway Oldham (6th May, 2014), The Strange Death of Lev Sedov (16th April, 2014), Why we will never discover who killed John F. Kennedy (27th March, 2014), The KGB planned to groom Michael Straight to become President of the United States (20th March, 2014), The Allied Plot to Kill Lenin (7th March, 2014), Was Rasputin murdered by MI6? A Points Based Immigration System Is a Weird Idea of Freedom, We Spoke to Nervous Brits Living in Berlin About 'Brexit', The Debate About Whether Turkey Is Joining the EU Is Largely Based on Bullshit. But still, does he really want to risk any more of it? "I think people always exaggerated the extent to which newspaper proprietors could help or damage them," he suggests. So it may prove this time. Donny Osmond is on the radio. (29th April, 2015), Why it is important to study the life and death of Margaret Cheyney in the history classroom (15th April, 2015), Is Sir Thomas More one of the 10 worst Britons in History? In 1927 Ball went to work for the Conservative Central Office where he pioneered the idea of spin-doctoring. Lord Rothermere disposed of his shares in the Daily Mirror in 1931. Instead, the newspaper claimed, Hitler had saved Germany from "Israelites of international attachments" and the "minor misdeeds of individual Nazis will be submerged by the immense benefits that the new regime is already bestowing upon Germany. There's probably an Austin Allegro driving up a street somewhere. When two men own the majority of the British press, do we have an issue with democracy? Its an unknowable question whether Brexit could have been won without The Mail, said Mr. Rusbridger, whose latest book, News and How to Use It, explores journalism in the age of Brexit and Donald J. Trump. Today that figure is less than seven million. And he was furious when, after a decade of greasing palms in Labour and the Tories, both decided not to grant him either a knighthood or a peerage. ", According to Richard Griffiths, the author of Fellow Travellers of the Right (1979): "Rothermere and Ward Price, then, used the Daily Mail, up to 1938, as an instrument of Nazi propaganda. (15th January 2014), Why did the intelligence services murder Dr. Stephen Ward? The following year he became the youngest ever peer of the realm when he took the title Lord Northcliffe. With a handful of exceptions, Britains newspapers still firmly tilt to the right. Soon after the trial finished, Lord Rothermere used Lady Ethel Snowden as an intermediary and sent Stephanie a message to say he would meet all her legal costs if she undertook to get out of the country. As Franklin Gannon points out, there was little news coverage of Germany in that paper (compared with the extensive coverage in other papers), and opinions on Germany were expressed mainly through editorials and reports of Ward Price's interviews. Hitler wrote a number of important letters to Rothermere in 1933 and 1934, but the most interesting of them, because of its subsequent fate, was the one written on 3 May 1935 in which he advocated Anglo-German understanding as a firm combination for peace. So, whoownsthenews? The letter might have originated anywhere. He also defended Rothermere's right to enter into negotiations with Hitler in an effort to prevent a war between the two countries. In the 1923 General Election, the Labour Party won 191 seats. I salute your excellency's star which rises higher and higher. "'That's easy,' [Murdoch] replied. Will you do the same? The Green Party have recently adopted a National Media Ownership Cap after consulting with campaign group TalkPolitics, and Ed Miliband included a cap as policy in his 2015 manifesto. For the Fourth Viscount Rothermere, Jonathan Harmsworth, success in the media is a case of rising early, working hard and having a great-grandfather who founded Lebedev, like Lord Rothermere, comes from a wealthy family. LONDON Geordie Greig was always an odd fit as the editor of The Daily Mail, Britains biggest tabloid. Yet compared to their predecessor, Conrad Black, they've been hands-off when it comes to The Telegraph. In January 2017, BBC's Newsnight programme revealed the former Prime Minister had asked Viscount Rothermere to sack Daily Mail's editor Paul Dacre in the run-up to the Brexit vote and Harmsworth carried out Cameron's wishes and replaced Dacre with present, Daily Mail editor, Geordie Grieg in September 2018. He also argued for a reform of the House of Lords to make it possible for peers to be elected to the House of Commons. Your new guide to the best writing on ideas, politics, books and culture each weekend from the New Statesman. Multi-millionaires Sir David Barclay (left) and his twin brother Sir Frederick after receiving their knighthoods from the Queen at Buckingham Palace (Photo by: Michael Stephens / PA Archive). And if they did? (The prime minister later reimbursed the cost of what The Mail, perhaps inevitably, nicknamed Wallpapergate.), There are certain things that really get to a Daily Mail reader, and one is fat cats and people feathering their own nests, said Julian Petley, a journalism professor at Brunel University in London. Like Desmond, they're pugilists, hard-ballers from humble stock: Hammersmith boys done good; eight siblings, started out running a tobacconists, then painting and decorating, before converting old boarding houses into hotels, eventually working their way up to owning The Ritz. So, Mr. Greigs dismissal and his replacement by an editor, Ted Verity, who is viewed as less likely to run critical coverage of the government is sure to be welcomed at 10 Downing Street, even if, by most accounts, that is not why The Mails owner, Jonathan Harmsworth, made the change. Formally known as the Viscount Viscount Rothermere, owner of the Mail and Metro, is leader ofthepack with 35.5 per cent ofprint circulation, supplemented by website traffic intheUK of 38 million visits per month, according to Comscore. They own the Spectator and the Telegraph titles, but from the moment they entered the media biz on the back of mega-profits made from the London hospitality trade the twins Sir David and Sir Frederick have been pathological about not becoming the story themselves. As we have seen, Hitler's first major dinner party for foreigners, on 19th December 1934, had as its guests of honour Rothermere, his son Esmond Harmsworth, and Ward Price, together with Ernest Tennant. Rupert Murdoch, owner of News International, at his recent wedding to Jerry Hall (Photo by Arthur Edwards/The Sun / PA Wire). ", In July, 1934 Lord Rothermere suddenly withdrew his support for Oswald Mosley. Murdoch inherited a small newspaper business from his father, Keith, but has the greatest claim out of the four to being a self-made man albeit one who was born into a position that gave him a considerable head-start. The New Statesmans global affairs newsletter, every Monday and Friday. By living as a tax exile in Paris for most of his life, the 3rd Viscount had become non-domiciled for British tax purposes. The Mail titles have been in his family for a hundred years. Telecoms regulation is light touch right now. Morrison replied that he needed notice of the question but in any case she had been granted only a "no return" permit and there were no circumstances in which she would be allowed to return to Britain. Rupert Murdoch is a highly successful, if controversial, Aussie born media mogul. DMGT was founded by Harold Sidney Harmsworth, the first Viscount Rothermere, in 1922. Frederick the Great was a great popular figure. Why it is important to study the life and death of Margaret Cheyney in the history classroom. This dispute divided conservative voters and this enabled the Labour Party to win the 1929 General Election. The court case revealed that Lord Rothermere had been involved in secret negotiations with Adolf Hitler. Yet maybe it's not quite that. Sir William Jowitt asked Princess Stephanie if she had used the services of Fritz Wiedemann to put pressure on Lord Rothermere. He's hands-off, preferring to let editor Paul Dacre run things. One new innovation was the banner headline that went right across the page. He also criticised other newspapers for "its obsession with Nazi violence and racialism", and assured his readers that any such deeds would be "submerged by the immense benefits that the new regime is already bestowing on Germany. Which is why, despite his own long-rumoured yearning to Remain, Rothermere 4 has gone against his own wishes to let Dacre go with his Leave gut. Then a letter from Wiedemann to Lord Rothermere was read out in court. The Mail under Mr. Greig was especially unforgiving about the perceived sleaze factor in government. After lunch we retire for a chat. MI6 continued to investigate Stephanie von Hohenlohe. Is ready to prevent any more pro-Republican volunteers from going there. Hitler acknowledged this help by writing to Rothermere: "I should like to express the appreciation of countless Germans, who regard me as their spokesman, for the wise and beneficial public support which you have given to a policy that we all hope will contribute to the enduring pacification of Europe. Jonathans empire - which he inherited from his great-grandfather Harold Sidney Harmsworth - includes tabloid newspaper Daily Mail, the Mail on Sunday and Metro. It could also give Mr. Johnson a muscular ally if he decides in coming weeks to rip up the trade arrangements for Northern Ireland. We certainly like to believe that there's a clunking fist of the barons just above us, marauding our democracy. Later, Desmond Morton, who worked under Hugh Sinclair, at MI6 claimed that it was Stewart Menzies who sent the Zinoviev letter to the Daily Mail. Your new guide to the best writing on ideas, politics, books and culture each weekend - from the New Statesman. Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, a great-grandson of one of the original co-founders, is the current chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, while day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team led by the editor, Geordie Greig, who succeeded Paul Dacre in ", Behind the scenes, Rothermere was expressing different views. "He believes that a European Union is a stitch up. Just as Harold Harmsworth aka 1st Viscount Rothermere, used the Daily Mail to condition its readers with fascist and antisemitic articles throughout the 1930s, Jonathon Harmsworth uses his Daily Mail as an instrument of lies and propaganda to vilify and propagate fear of immigrants and ridicule any prime ministerial candidate, public figure and citizen who does not agree with his personal and political agenda! Viscount Rothermere, who inherited control of DMGT Inc via a Jersey Trust and an offshore entity registered in Bermuda, acquired France as his "domicile of birth" upon his birth, as his father acquired a French "domicile of choice" by becoming a tax exile in Paris. Lloyd George had offered Northcliffe a cabinet position because he was scared that he would use the Daily Mail to bring down his government. Politics, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/20/world/europe/daily-mail-editor-out.html. One of the groups main targets is those odious newspapers owned by Jonathan Harold Esmond Vere Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere. She made it clear to the judge that if she lost the case she would not hesitate to publish her memoirs in America. Another underlying reason for Harmsworth's actions is to protect his "non-dom" tax exempt/concession status. One report said: "Princess Hohenlohe has given us a great deal of work owing to the fact that she is frequently the subject of denunciation to the effect that she is, or has been, a trusted political agent and personal friend of Herr Hitler; that she is a German political spy of a very high order; and that she was given the Scloss Leopoldskron by Herr Hitler for signal services rendered for him." When Asquith resigned in December, 1916, the new prime minister decided that it was be safer to have Northcliffe in his government. He has always had a direct line to his tabloid editors. His proposal on controls seem to astonish Rothermere. WebResidence (s) Mill Creek, Washington, U.S. Alma mater. I suppose we should not be too surprised that Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, is not a supporter of the Labour Party. They have no prejudice either of class or race. By 1926 the daily sales of the Daily Mail had reached 2,000,000. The paper aggressively covered the lucrative side jobs taken by Conservative lawmakers. That is why he sent her away to Berlin to be with Hitler. ", The Spectator condemned Rothermere's article commenting that, " the Blackshirts, like the Daily Mail, appeal to people unaccustomed to thinking. Even following the Leveson Inquiry nothing much has changed, especially regarding laws of the Data Protection Act, 2018. Lord Rothermere personal wealth was now 25 million and he was estimated to be the third richest man in Britain. He assumed office on As a purely British organization, the Blackshirts will respect those principles of tolerance which are traditional in British politics. According to Ecclestone: "If you have a look at a democracy it hasn't done a lot of good for many countries including this one," in reference to the United Kingdom. The Daily Mail is owned by billionaire, Jonathan Harmsworth (DMGT Media), 4th Viscount Rothermere, great-grandson of it's founder, Harold Sidney Harmsworth who was close friends with Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. The two largest selling broadsheets, the biggest tabloid and biggest mid-market all seem wedged in the Brexit camp. Rotheremere's newspapers continued to increase their circulation. It was agreed that the letter should be kept secret but someone leaked the letter to the Daily Mail. WebNews this week that the Rothermere family is considering making a bid to take the owner of the Daily Mail news group private represents a rare foray into the spotlight for Jonathan He added famously: What the proprietorship of these papers is aiming at is power, but power without responsibility, the prerogative of the harlot throughout the ages.". As he had once said that "when I want a peerage I will buy one" his enemies accused him of corruptly purchasing the honour. Lord Northcliffe died in August, 1922. And if nothing else, the EU is just more state. Rupert Murdoch is second with 25 per cent of print, plus 54 million website visitors a month totheSun and Times. The Daily Mail criticized "the old women of both sexes" who filled British newspapers with rabid reports of Nazi "excesses." From the newsstands, every paper, from the Telegraph to the Mirror, sings two letters with one voice: "IN". The chairman is Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, who inherited the media empire founded by his great-grandfather Harold and his brother "I don't know if we should be in [the EU] or not, but I don't like being controlled by Brussels and these faceless people.". This she agreed to do but he thought she was going back to Europe instead of going to the United States to publish her account of her relationship with Rothermere. That's more than just a hunch. He has an estimated wealth of about 950 million. In March 1931, a few days before a by-election, Stanley Baldwin the then leader of the opposition gave a speech at the Queens Hall in London in which he lambasted the countrys biggest newspapers for their attacks on him, calling them engines of propaganda for the constantly changing policies, desires, personal vices, personal likes and dislikes of their owners, Lords Beaverbrook and Rothermere. Mark Harmsworth ( Republican Party) was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing District 44-Position 2. Not only did he criticise Asquith as a man of inaction but claimed that Germany was afraid that David Lloyd George would become prime minister. Harmsworth was accused of being a war-monger. This included a "a very indiscreet letter to the Fuhrer congratulating him on his walk into Prague". When two men own the majority of the British press, do we have an issue with democracy? Certainly, no one wears his shoulder-chips more like epaulettes than Richard "Dirty" Desmond, a Finchley lad who lived with his mum in a grotty flat after his dad went deaf and then bankrupt. Yet, despite recent polls suggesting an 8 percent slant towards Remain, today's press-pack remains massively skewed in favour of Leave. A look at the media moguls who run 'papers hell bent on leaving the EU. It is the 6th of June, 1975. Press Gazette: The full story on ministers meetings with the press barons Part of New Statesman Media Group. And in part, that's because the Establishment who run our newspapers are obsessed with the idea of themselves as outsiders. Nigel Farage would have been hung, drawn and quartered if he lived during the reign of Henry VIII (5th May, 2015), Was social mobility greater under Henry VIII than it is under David Cameron? Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, is a British viscount and Chairman of DMG Media. ", As a British citizen I find this reprehensible that billionaire, Jonathan Harmsworth aka Vicount Rothermere, the great-grandson of the owner of the world's only newspaper that stayed loyal to Adolf Hitler, even after his death, is the second biggest owner of British national newspapers with a portfolio including the Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday and Metro.. "But we need a referendum," he resolved. When it comes to nationalnewspapers, three-quarters of circulation is controlled by four families. He also has non-domicile tax status (something that Miliband promises to remove) and owns his media businesses through a complex structure of offshore holdings and trusts which entail him paying almost no UK tax on his income, investments or wealth. The Mail titles have been in his family for a hundred years. Rothermere's subsequent article in the Daily Mail was violently enthusiastic about what Hitler had done for Germany. "With Murdoch, it's ideological," argues Charlie Beckett, director of the media think-tank POLIS. I have not seen the evidence yet. It's assumed to be "Out" simply because of the right-wing titles, plus their devotion to Mrs Thatcher (let's not forget her deathbed was The Ritz). Fearing that he might be arrested for treason and decided to go and live in Bermuda where he died on 26th November 1940. It broke the story of a Conservative Party donor who picked up a 58,000 pound ($77,000) bill for the redecorating of Mr. Johnsons Downing Street apartment by his wife, Carrie Johnson. Three weeks after the outbreak of the Second World War Rothermere's lawyers attempted to have the legal action stopped. "I always have challenged the establishment and I want to continue to challenge it. Not only do our papers no longer reflect us; they also don't reflect the Establishment. As owners of the tenement ofBrecqhou, off the coast oftheChannel IslandSark (which, again, has its tax benefits), theBarclay brothers were particularly reclusive. By signing up, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Vice Media Group, which may include marketing promotions, advertisements and sponsored content. The power of private owners has long been debated in British society, and even after a decade of digital disruption remains controversial. (January, 1936), Lord Rothermere, George Ward Price and Princess Stephanie von Hohenlohe were invited to spend time with Hitler at his holiday retreat, The Eagle's Nest, in the mountains above Berchtesgaden. ", As Richard Griffiths, the author of Fellow Travellers of the Right (1979) has pointed out: "Rothermere visited Hitler on a number of occasions, and corresponded with him. (24th February 2014), Winston Churchill and Chemical Weapons (11th February, 2014), Pete Seeger and the Media (1st February 2014), Should history teachers use Blackadder in the classroom? And whatever the business model, owners all face an electorate of sorts, as they and their journalists are ultimately beholden to their readers. There was first the danger that Lord Rothermere might unwittingly give the Nazis a misleading impression of the state of opinion in this country; and there was also the danger that Lord Rothermere might - again unwittingly - allow himself to be used as a vehicle for the extremely subtle manoeuvres of Nazi propaganda. discussions with heads of foreign governments are best left of persons whose status is on both sides clearly understood. I hope you will join me in boycotting Vicount Rothermere's (Jonathan Harmsworth) Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday and MailOnline, to stop funding a tax evading billionaire and his trashy, fear and hate mongering tabloids. In one article written in March, 1934 he called for Hitler to be given back land in Africa that had been taken as a result of the Versailles Treaty. Just recently, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex filed suit against the Daily Mail's parent company, Rothermere's, DMGT Media after the tabloid published a private letter written by Meghan Markle earlier this year. When Mr. Johnsons aides excluded some journalists from a briefing about the European Union in 2020, The Mails reporter joined competitors from other papers in walking out in protest. So you head up the road, pop your "IN" ballot in the Euro referendum box. Nothing could be further from the truth! He was usually very pleased by what appeared in The Daily Mail. "All its members shared a profound fear that the domestic and international order which had sustained liberal-imperialist Britain was about to be irrevocably changed With some justification it was believed that total war meant the socialization of Britain and a ruinous conflict in the heart of Europe from which only the Soviet Union could benefit.". "Who can say whether if Lord Rothermere had succeeded in the endeavours which he made, we might not be in the position in which we are today?". He ranked fourth in the aforementioned Sunday Times rich list for the Publishing industry making him one of the big boys in terms of influence and power. Hitler succeeded Hindenburg as head of state upon his death in 1934. November 2000: Richard Desmond of the Northern & Shell company at West Ferry Printers, on the Isle of Dogs, in London, watches his latest acquisition the Daily Express come off the presses(Photo by Andrew Stuart / PA Archive). Forty years ago, all British newspapers bar The Daily Worker backed us joining what's now the EU. Anthony Hilton at the Evening Standard once asked the News UK boss why he was anti-EU. This story would reveal Lord Rothermere's relationship with Hitler and his "numerous, often indiscreet, liaisons with women". Murdoch's a small state kinda guy. If he uses it prudently and peacefully, no one here will shed any tears over the disappearance of German democracy., 1st Vicount Rothermere and the Mail were also editorially sympathetic to Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists. ", Scott Newton, the author of Profits of Peace: The Political Economy of Anglo-German Appeasement (1997) has argued that Lord Rothermere was a member of a group that included Lord Halifax, Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster, Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 8th Duke of Buccleuch, Charles McLaren, 3rd Baron Aberconway and Henry Betterton, 1st Baron Rushcliffe. Feeling themselves part of a special and closed community, they exchanged confidences secure in the knowledge, as they thought, that they were protected by that community from indiscretion." It's not particularly self-interested, but he is interested in how the EU is there to regard these things." "Lord Rothermere with Adolf Hitler, Lord Rothermere also gave full support to Oswald Mosley and the National Union of Fascists. Before taking the top job at The Daily Mail in 2018, he was editor of The Mail on Sunday, which often seemed at war with its sister paper. This petition starter stood up and took action. And that vision underwritten by the Thatcherite core value that the barrow boys shall inherit the earth is now wagging the political dog. The arresting officer reported what he discovered that Wittman was carrying: "This was astonishing; it appeared to be copies of documents and letters which passed between Lord Rothermere, Lady Snowden, Princess Stephanie, Herr Hitler and others. After eighteen months of investigation a judge vacated the restraining order, saying that indeed his wealth and assets were acquired strictly through his many business ventures including shipping and gold bullion investments. Just recently as Mr Stunt was preparing to sue the Daily Mail (and the Sun), Bernie Ecclestone and Vicount Rothermere again attacked James Stunt, this time by claiming that his large collection of art were forgeries, in particular a Monet painting that he was auctioning with part proceeds going to a well known children's charity! The long history of the Daily Mail campaigning against the interests of working people. According to Christopher Andrew, the author of Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community (1985): "Reilly played an active part in ensuring that the letter was publicised. In fact he uses that notorious untruth in the very declaration of the Daily Mail! His paper is doing an immense amount of good. Fhrer won't tolerate a hot-bed of communism in Europe any longer. After the death of Kitchener he concentrated on having Herbert Asquith removed as prime minister. For Mr. Johnson, a former journalist who once worked for the pro-Tory Daily Telegraph and edited The Spectator, a less confrontational Mail would be one less headache at a time when his poll ratings have eroded in the glare of a lingering corruption scandal involving Conservative members of Parliament. This was at a time when Hitler had made clear his hatred of Jews and belief in racial supremacy in his book Mein Kampf. The statement added: "The general themes of the support votes centred on the Daily Mail's reputation for poor fact checking, sensationalism, and flat-out fabrication.". Their recruits are drawn from all social grades and every political party. Harmsworth, who held right-wing political views, encouraged people to buy the newspaper for nationalistic reasons making it clear to his readers that his newspaper stood "for the power, the supremacy and the greatness of the British Empire". As Gill Bennett pointed out: "It was not just the intelligence community, but more precisely the community of an elite - senior officials in government departments, men in "the City", men in politics, men who controlled the Press - which was narrow, interconnected (sometimes intermarried) and mutually supportive. Considerable space was given to sport and human interest stories. Etc. (8th January 2014), Solomon Northup and 12 Years a Slave (4th January 2014), The Angel of Auschwitz (6th December 2013), The Death of John F. Kennedy (23rd November 2013), Adolf Hitler and Women (22nd November 2013), New Evidence in the Geli Raubal Case (10th November 2013), Murder Cases in the Classroom (6th November 2013), Major Truman Smith and the Funding of Adolf Hitler (4th November 2013), Unity Mitford and Adolf Hitler (30th October 2013), Claud Cockburn and his fight against Appeasement (26th October 2013), The Strange Case of William Wiseman (21st October 2013), Robert Vansittart's Spy Network (17th October 2013), British Newspaper Reporting of Appeasement and Nazi Germany (14th October 2013), Paul Dacre, The Daily Mail and Fascism (12th October 2013), Wallis Simpson and Nazi Germany (11th October 2013), The Right Club and the Second World War (6th October 2013), What did Paul Dacre's father do in the war? It can also be crusading: In the 1990s, the paper went after a flawed police investigation of the racially motivated killing of a Black teenager, Stephen Lawrence, at a London bus stop. Rothermere wrote an article titled "Hurrah for the Blackshirts" published in the Daily Mail on 15 January 1934, praising Mosley for his "sound, commonsense, Conservative doctrine" and pointing out that: "Young men may join the British Union of Fascists by writing to the Headquarters, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. However, Northcliffe refused an offer of a place in Lloyd George's cabinet as he knew it would undermine his ability to criticise the government. This statement pertaining to the Daily Mail remains relevant today! But isthealternative better for democracy? Rothermere urged the Conservative Party to remove its leader, Stanley Baldwin, and replace him with Beaverbrook. Yet when it came to the 1997 General Election, in reality Murdoch's four papers threw their weight in three different directions. Also invited was Joseph Goebbels.
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