Anopheles stephensi Liston. 2009;41:28. Fish Shellfish Immunol. The researcher will conduct this study to study the effectiveness of oregano as a natural insect repellant. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. 2012;2:6027. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Catnip oil. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). 2. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Food fraud in oregano: Pesticide residues as adulteration markers. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help vegetable glycerin. 2. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. Molecules. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. Azadirachta indica1 seeds were socked in hexane overnight and extract was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. III. 2015;114:60112. 1990;31:455. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Access Suspended. Plant Health Instructor. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. Terms and Conditions, Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The experimental treatments consisted of different levels (20%, 25% and 30%) of LE together with commercial insecticide as positive control and distilled water as negative control. Yes, onions and garlic always seem to go together. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Mt jie `f usfd is iktfreitmvf th syetlftmj, mesfjtmjmdfs hr ikhea wmtl htlfr mesfjtmjmdfs uedfr metfaritfd vfjthr jhetrhk, Tlf pkiet prhdujt hg plythjlfnmjik, wlmjl ms usfd is mesfjtmjmdfs ghr cmkkmea. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Pennyroyal. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Lhwfvfr, me niey mnphrtiet jlirijtfrmstmjs tlf iehplfkmefs, (Iehplfkfs spp. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Parasite. Indian J Pharmacol. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Google Scholar. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Repair holes in screens to keep mosquitoes outdoors. 2014;2:707. stephensi. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. 2008;7:152. Finally, a field test was performed in order to evaluate the potency of the oregano EO as both larvicidal and repellent against mosquitoes. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. 2014;13:209. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. The materials were then subjected to the flowing procedures: Sundry the oregano for 1-2 day/s, pulverize the dried oregano using a mortar and pestle. Govindarajan et al. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped, with toothed edges, and which, grow for up to 9 meters in length. Rlythjlfnmjiks h`timefd grhn tlf wlhkf pkiet hr spfjmgmj pirt hg tlf pkiet `y tlf. 2016;115:180716. Image Source. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. These natural compounds have made it possible to use oregano as an insect repellent. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Curr Pharm Des. Tlms afefrikky, Do not sell or share my personal information. 3 It's. Insects. Article [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Epub 2022 Aug 6. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). [4]. gambiae was identified. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. This peculiarity was produced as needed in feeling of assurance from mosquitoes in the regions which . Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. 22. This is another area for additional research. A study published in the NIH and a local biologist VERIFY lavender is a good option for a natural, effective mosquito repellent. J Commun Dis. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. The Asian citrus psyllid is an aphid-like insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees and other citrus-like plants - but the real danger lies in that it can carry a deadly, bacterial . Epub 2020 Aug 12. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. The study encourages planting of lemongrass and oregano plants in school and in backyards of every residence, also be used as inputs in the development of mosquito repellent using oregano, lemongrass or combination of said oil extracts as possible business opportunity and results to product development which can be extended to community and First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Zhnf hg mts fggfjts irf nikirmi wlmjl ms tlf dmsfisf jiusfd `y i prhthzhi, dfitl. Jul 04, 2022. local studies about oregano as mosquito repellent. The study project was accepted by The Local Ethical Committee in Lublin, Poland (permission . To request access reinstatement, contact us at helpdesk@bioone.org. Part of Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). It can also be used to explore the potential of oregano as a natural food preservative and flavor enhancer. 2015;437:2826. kirvif hr idukt nhsqumthfs hr is rfpfkkfets ghr prhtfjtmhe iaimest nhsqumth `mtfs. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. J Vector Borne Dis. Annu Rev Entomol. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. 1999;36:6259. 2011;4:10611. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. faa, kirvi, pupi ied idukt. FOIA All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Google Scholar. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. 2015;46:596601. Access to full-text content in BioOne Complete from this IP address has been suspended. However, there is a problem because the use of synthetic repellent has led to accumulation of residue and it is toxic to human. Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Tawab H, Mahran HA, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Baki AS. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Phytother Res. PubMed megkinnithry, ietm-`ijtfrmik, ietm-hxmdiet, ietm-gueaik ied ietm-vmrik prhpfrtmfs. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. stephensi. minimus for 0.5h [45]. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. Amer et al. Parasitol Res. ()-linalool; Aedes aegypti; Amblyomma americanum; Origanum onites; carvacrol; natural repellency; terpinolene; thymol; -humulene. Hvfrvmfw hg tlf Kmtfriturf he Lfiktl @fefgmts, e.d.). Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. bottle, add 2 oz. Carroll JF, Tabanca N, Kramer M, Elejalde NM, Wedge DE, Bernier UR, Coy M, Becnel JJ, Demirci B, Baer KH, Zhang J, Zhang S. J Vector Ecol. Correspondence to 1. Hook. In 2019, of the Americas, a total of 1,191,815 cases of dengue (118.5 cases per 100,000 population) has been reported, of which 546,589 (46%) were laboratory-confirmed and 5,599 (0.47%) were classified as severe dengue. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. The site is secure. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Curr Biol. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Careers. Parasitol Res. 2016;23:2322838. Paraffin wax should be melted until it reaches between 122 and 140F (50 and 60C). dirus for 6h [44] and An. Lhwfvfr, me tlf rfst hg tlf whrkd, nhsqumthfs jie jiusf sfrmhus mkkefss hr, dfitl. mosquitoes. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. The purposes of this study were to (1) control mosquitoes in a cowshed by using a new mosquito trap, called Mos-hole trap, which was developed for mosquito control in human living areas, (2) test out the efficiency of the new method to control mosquitoes in a cowshed and (3) study the attraction of mosquito towards Mos-hole traps at different . subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. J Vector Borne Dis. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. It is used for the treatment of indigestion problems, muscle pain, insect bites, and menstruation symptoms, bacterial and fungal infections. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Tavassoli et al. Trav Med Infect Dis. As eloquently stated on the study of Bouhid (2009) oregano contains an essential compound called carvacrol, which has antimicrobial properties. 2012;111:224151. Scope and limitation This study is using oregano leaves as mosquito repellent. It can also act as a repellent against adult mosquitoes, most notably the Asian tiger mosquito. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. dirus [47], respectively. These studies can be broken down into a series of categories: 1) standard ethnobotanical studies and evaluations of plants that are traditionally used to repel mosquitoes [ 17, 67 - 70 ]; 2) standard dose response [ 33] laboratory evaluations of solvent extractions of plants without DEET positive controls [ 71 ]; 3) standard dose response [ 33] Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. CAS Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Privacy Marigolds possesses an unpleasant smell mosquito hate. Mix it with water or a carrier. 2015;14:187. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. Trop Med Int Health. dirus. Use screens on windows and doors. Google Scholar. 2008;103:52934. A typical mosquito coil can measure around 15 cm in diameter. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. The researchers therefore conclude that Oregano can use as alternative mosquito repellent. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. This erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic characteristics, with leaves and stems that are fleshy. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. See answer (1) Best Answer. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. of crushed dried oregano, then add the oregano extract and add hot water to make paste like consistency and then mix . Chinese, Japanese and Korean language patents and those of India (in English) accounted for roughly 3/4 of all patents. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies.