For the most part, owners and breeders pay attention to female dogs progesterone levels when they want to develop new puppies. In many cases, the semen will appear to be normal. With each of these methods, proper interpretation of the results is key to properly time insemination. When the progesterone level rises to 5 ng/ml, ovulation occurs. The tests are fairly easy to run, although accuracy in handling and timing is required, and will give results within 30 minutes. The mucosal surface becomes very wrinkled or crenulated as the bitch goes into estrous. %%EOF
If no motility is noted after 15 minutes, the sample is most likely non-viable. A 64 - 66 day gestation length measured from the LH surge to parturition is the same as a 62, 63 or 64 day interval between ovulation and parturition, since ovulation has been estimated to occur 2 days after the surge in LH [4]. All rights reserved. Prolactin increases, Palpation yields less-distinct uterine masses. The latter represents the acute release of LH from the pituitary in late proestrus or early estrus. Increase in progesterone from levels of 0.3-08 ng to levels of 0.9 to 3.0 ng/ml. How do you get the best, most accurate, Progesterone Level test for your dog? Furthermore, there can be error of up to 1 days in estimating the day of the LH surge. The glucose content in vaginal secretions has also been evaluated and was shown to be an unreliable indicator of ovulation and the fertile window. The estrous cycle for the bitch should be monitored using serum progesterone assaying or some other reliable manner to ascertain that ovulation has occurred. Semen motility is evaluated as previously described. Testing canine progesterone in-house can save you thousands. The semen is slowly injected into the uterus. As the estrus cycle progresses, the hormones released affect the character of the vaginal mucosa. Dog Urine Color Chart: What Does My Dogs Pee Color Mean? If you are early you come back and do it again! Invasion begins, Placental trophectoderm invasion of endometrium continues. The tube should contain the extended semen in a liquid state. Web1. Hormonal and clinical correlates of ovarian cycles, ovulation, pseudopregnancy and pregnancy in dogs. For example, the Draminski Method evaluating electrical conduction in the vaginal canal was originally developed to assist researchers working with foxes.However, the electrical conduction in the vaginal canal reflects estrogen levels and does not indicate ovulation or the fertile window. Why should I get a pregnancy x-ray if I already know shes pregnant? This requires that the bitch be progesterone tested to pinpoint time of ovulation for maximising success rates. Although the actual duration of a pregnancy from fertilisation in the bitch is around 61 days 48 hours the information available to the veterinary surgeon can be very uncertain. WebIn-house blood progesterone testing Endoscope for Transcervical Insemination (TCI) Where to Find Us We are located on Albany Highway in St. James, Bentley (between Victoria Park and Cannington). In our experience, many Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. For chilled semen inseminations, we generally arrange the AI (Artificial Insemination) once the progesterone has gone 10 to 14 ng/ml. The test, status LH, (International Canine Genetics, Inc., Malvern, PA. 19355 USA) uses a wicking paper with a reaction zone of test and is run with 4 drops of serum. About Us | Privacy Policy | Terms | Affiliate Disclosure | Contact 2023 PupVine. The bitch needs to be tested every 48 hours to anticipate the prime breeding time. Lets take a look back at our dog progesterone levels chart overview. However, the advent and common usage of canine frozen and fresh cooled extended semen has refocused clinicians attention to more precise methods of insemination. As we have previously mentioned, this is the optimal time for natural breeding. Vaginal smearing, at best, gives a retrospective view of the cycle with estrus, day 1, occurring six days post-ovulation. The rise of progesterone to greater than 5 ngms (5 to * ngm) indicates that ovulation has occurred. The LH surge triggers the event of ovulation. Sperm deposition in such cases was 5 to 7 days before ovulation and at least 7 to 9 days before oocyte maturation. What Are The Most Common Progesterone Levels In Dogs? International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS) is a not-for-profit organization established to provide information to veterinarians, veterinary students, technicians and animal health professionals worldwide using Internet technology. There are some reports that a serum progesterone concentration of 4-10 ng/ml occurs in association with ovulation.However, this relationship is not well established and there is considerable variation in serum progesterone concentrations after the initial rise. Historically, methods of timing the estrous-cycle of the bitch such as color of discharge, swelling of the vulva and flagging of the tail allowed breeders to get bitches bred. The relatively short gestation length of the bitch makes it important to be able to determine the physiological end of the pregnancy, especially when intervention is necessary. That cost increases your investment in your dogs progesterone testing to $291.40! The continued warming eventually shows the cells to have achieved a normal forward progression. That cost increases your investment in your dogs progesterone testing to $291.40! When the progesterone level rises to 5 ng/ml, WebProgesterone Levels are used to assist with optimum breeding time because it is the most significant indicator of ovulation. The female dog whose progesterone levels are rising shows signs of vulvar swelling, and breast enlargement/tenderness. Thus, improper timing for breeding is not an uncommon cause for conception failure. When an individual receives a fresh chilled sample, the package should immediately be opened. Zona absent. Progesterone levels. In late-bred bitches, the female pronucleus of the matured egg is ready to fuse with the pronucleus of a sperm that subsequently penetrates as soon as the male-pronucleus is formed. Multiple matings and long sperm survival in the reproductive tract (up to 7 days) can make it very difficult to know how many days the bitch is pregnant. This study showed that pregnant female dogs exhibit higher progesterone concentrations than non-pregnant ones. Step Four After returning home with the Progesterone test levels of your dog. Ovulation at 38 Another part of the explanation for the large variation encountered in apparent gestation lengths lies with the timing of egg maturation in this species. . That final price is only good if you hit the timing right. However, each female dog is unique, so progesterone rise signs can vary. hb```R7@(e5#300W8p
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In that case, you just multiply the $291.40 times the number of trips it took. If we dare to include the cost of using our vehicle at the IRS rate of 58 cents per mile, and you should! WebProgesterone testing is also useful to monitor levels during pregnancy, timing of caesareans and in some instances, investigation of disease or abnormalities. Do you perform emergency c-sections? When progesterone levels are constantly low, then the female dog should be taken to the veterinarian to determine if there are any issues concerning her reproductive tract. This dog progesterone levels chart shows different progesterone concentrations in female dogs and the optimum time of breeding. It is also important to combine some or all of the monitoring tools available to achieve the most accurate assessment of ovulation timing. The progesterone rise in female dogs is part of a healthy estrus cycle, but it can indicate a few other things. With gloved hands, the veterinarian gently inserts the insemination rod through the lips of the vulva at an upward 45 degree angle. The sample will be stronger in colour (lower progesterone) than the low standard. The semen drop is then analyzed and compared to the collector's evaluation. The semen should flow easily with obvious distention of the uterine horns. Larger bitches may require an intravenous injection of a standard short acting anesthetic to achieve relaxation for intubation and maintenance with isoflurane (i.e., propofol). Fold the large end of the artificial vagina inside out, about 1 inch for large dogs (larger than 40 pounds) and 3-4 inches for small dogs (smaller than 40 pounds). U/S detects embryo mass, Heart beats may be visible on U/S. In theory, fresh chilled semen can be used when progesterone levels of the female dogs reach 5 ng/mL, but it is recommended to wait at least 3 days after the 5 ng/mL progesterone value. Elective and emergency c-section is extremely safe as performed in the United States and Canada [5]. If no vapor is noted, an attempt should be made to ascertain that the sample is still in a proper frozen state. The natural sperm length of life allows for successful breeding when the bitch first exhibits standing and acceptance of the male, even though in many cases the timing is 4-6 days before the prime fertilization period of the mature ova. That time limit can be as little as 48 hours, depending on the ovulation cycle. If you attach an hourly rate of $55 for your time you just spent $165. The interval from the LH surge to parturition is predictably 65+/- 1 days in nearly all canine pregnancies. Anesthetic induction consists of coning smaller individuals with isoflurane. The reason why gestation length in dogs is relatively consistent when measured from the day of ovulation but highly variable when measured from the day of breeding is partly understood. When progesterone levels are too high, there is little to no chance that the female dog will conceive. 2. This dog progesterone levels chart is created by the IDEXX Laboratories, a company that issues progesterone tests and instructions on how to properly measure progesterone levels. Vaginal cytology, a rough gauge of estrogen level, has been used by veterinarians and breeders to "pinpoint" the time of ovulation. However, documented evidence for this has not been published. The eggs For more info, check out our about us page. In contrast to progesterone rising symptoms, female dogs that experience low progesterone do not exhibit specific symptoms. Visible vapor should be seen, assuring the recipient that the tank is charged properly and that the sample is still frozen. Progesterone typically declines from 4 - 5 ng ml ( 12 - 15 nmol/L) to near or below 2 ng/ml (6 - 7 nmol/L) during the 24 h before the onset of labor. In brachycephalic breeds initiation of surgery before natural labor may be important, although there are no published data on the incidence of problems during natural delivery in these breeds. It is reasonable to suggest that at the time of surgery progesterone should be low, and preferably near or below 2 ng/ml, i.e. An accurate evaluation of the LH spike can give the veterinarian and breeder 4 to 5 days anticipation of the prime insemination dates and reasonable confidence as to the maximum chance of conception. Canine eggs cannot be fertilized immediately after ovulation because they need another 2 days to mature, and by that time the When we are estimating the optimal time to breed a female dog, we must look at all reproductive female hormones. So, dont get discouraged if your female dog doesnt show the same progesterone levels and ovulation timing. Non-invasive: The procedure does not require abdominal surgery 3. Determining and regulating progesterone levels in female dogs is essential for: Figure out the optimal time for breeding, Schedule pregnant female dogs for C-section. However, as the semen drop warms gradually, side to side motility becomes noted. About us Latest From Our Blog Check out the real-life case study video to the right for more details! The release of the hormone spikes over a 12 to 24 hour period. When should pregnancy evaluation occur? Progesterone Levels Proestrus. hbbd```b``+@$S?d]fO`!LlJVa0 6S,dQ:@d An immuno chromatinographic testing kit is currently available for in office use. Fertility declines with matings earlier than the day of the LH surge (i.e. Timing ovulation can help to accurately determine the length of The interval from the LH surge to parturition is predictably 65+/- 1 days in nearly all canine pregnancies. Good day everyone! Fertilization completed if already bred, Bred: 1-2 cell embryo. Progesterone levels should be tested every two to three days once the dog is three to five days into heat. Symptoms of progesterone rising in female dogs can be mild and almost unnoticeable. Another most common progesterone level in dogs is 5 ng/mL which indicates ovulation and the optimal time for natural breeding. Precise ovarian ultrasound techniques can be used to visualize ovulation butrequire up to 3 examinations daily during the period of ovulation. Wow, I am amazed at all the wonderful breeds of dogs that are now available to dog lovers looking for that very special puppy! If you are still wondering why dog progesterone levels chart is a thing in the dog breeding world, then let me explain. The ventral abdomen is clipped and the bitch is placed in the surgical theater in dorsal recumbency. The basis of fresh chilling and freezing semen is energy conservation within the sperm cell so that the semen can be shipped or used at a later date. SpecialBreeds are in high demand! Come check out the new Quick Scan 1000, results in 15 mins in the comfort of your own home! Non-bred: late mating results in small or no litter, Bred early: 4-8 cell embryo. study on progesterone concentrations in pregnant dogs, Anestrus or proestrus, ovulation can not be determined, Proestrus and early estrus, Pre-LH surge, ovulation can not be determined, Retest in 2 days to confirm continued rise in progesterone Breeding window between 4 to 7 days after the rise above 2 ng/mL, Retest in 2 days, breeding window between 2 to 4 days after this date, Breed on this day or for another 2 to 3 days. Fresh semen is thought to easily live 4-6 days in utero. Excess air "bubbling" through the semen is detrimental to the fragile plasma membrane of the head of the spermatozoa. Non-bred: viability of some oocytes declines or lost, Bred: 4 cell embryo. Timing the major event of pregnancy from the estimated day of the LH surge can also aid in pregnancy testing and pregnancy management services (Table 1 and Table 2). What productive work could you be doing to move your business forward with the three hours you just spent getting your canine Progesterone testing levels? In other cases where only partial semen recovery is noted, the inseminator must use judgment based on the concentration of the semen, estimated total spermatozoa numbers and the percent recovered. WebWe recommend a Transcervical or surgical insemination at this time. The bitch is positioned with her rear elevated either manually or on a breeding ramp. With that cost, you are at $245 for the trip. It is recommended that the refrigerated fresh chilled sample not be warmed to room temperature or body temperature before insemination. Each individual that freezes canine semen has a specific manner of handling and thawing their product. ), Total Canine Care Pregnancy Test for Dogs, PetCount Canine Sperm Analysis Home Test. The supernatant is decanted and disposed. It is not necessary to push large amounts of air into the rod nor normal to get semen backflow if the rod is properly positioned and the bitch in the estrus stage of estrous. Subsequently, ovulation occurs 24-48 hours after the LH surge and an additional 1-3 days are required for the eggs to mature in the uterus prior to fertilization. Invest Now, Pay Later with Care Credit - Up to 60 months Financing, Click To Apply! Your veterinarian can obtain a small blood sample from the bitch every 1-2 days as she is nearing ovulation and have it tested for progesterone concentration by a qualified commercial laboratory. Frozen semen especially benefits with techniques by-passing the cervix and the cervical mucous and being deposited directly into the uterine lumen. Artificial insemination has been a commonly used procedure in small animal reproduction. Would you like to change your VIN email? Maximum concentrations are reached between 20 and 30 days after the end of oestrus, whether the bitch is pregnant or not. Sperm in chilledsemen survive 48-72 hours after Many practitioners routinely have dog owners measure and record rectal temperatures 2 or 3 times a day starting 1 week before the predicted date of whelping. Even experienced dog breeders may struggle to choose the optimal time to mate their female dogs. Day of ovulation based on the timing of the pre-ovulatory softening of the vulva and perineum. Time of collection and post-collection motility should be studied. Progesterone levels begin to rise at the time of the LH surge and are in the 4-8 ng/mL range by the time the female dog ovulates. However, an understanding of the time course and clinical correlates of ovulation, fertilization, embryo and fetal development, and pregnancy specific changes in maternal physiology is essential when providing clinical services such as breeding management and monitoring of pregnancy [1-4]. 350 0 obj
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In the dog, the progesterone level will remain at this level for about 60 days whether or not the dog is bred, and whether or not she is pregnant. About 48 hours before whelping, the progesterone level drops to the 2 ng/ml range and within about 24 hours of whelping, the level drops to the 1 ng/ml range. Veterinary Reproduction ServiceClarendon Street Veterinary SurgeryCambridge, UK. You drive back home to do it all again! Serum samples that are hemolyzed or lipemic also affect the testing results. Non-pregnant animals tend to have a slightly longer luteal phase than pregnant animals. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovaries to release the eggs. This happens in most mammals when the estrogen level in the blood increases. 24 hours before whelping, progesterone levels fall to 1 ng/mL which may be considered too low, but it is completely normal in this case. What Are Symptoms Of Low Progesterone In Dogs? A progesterone test is a diagnostic tool used to determine the timing of ovulation in female dogs. It measures the level of progesterone in the dogs blood and helps determine when to breed them. If you are a dog breeder, it is crucial to monitor your dogs progesterone levels to ensure a successful breeding. Why test for progesterone at home? Bitches will ovulate at around 6 ng/ml (18 nmol/l). In cases of suspected primary inertia the test can give results within 30 minutes. At a progesterone level of 5 ng/mL, a female dogs follicles are matured, but the eggs that are released are not yet ready to be fertilized by fresh chilled semen. On the day of ovulation, the progesterone will be 4 to 10 ng/ml. The golden rule is to breed a female dog whose progesterone levels reach 5 ng/mL. In other words, breeders should look for drastic changes in female dogs behavior such as restlessness, frequent urination, running away, or having low energy levels. WebUsually the LH peak occurs at around the time progesterone concentration reaches 2.0 ng/ml and ovulation typically occurs at a time when progesterone concentrations are somewhere between 4.0 and 12.0 ng/ml. These tests are to be done by professionals and they require a lot of delicate handling and good timing. The bitch is prepared in the same manner as a bitch undergoing an ovarian-hysterectomy. Granulosa cells grow within the unruptured follicle and plasma progesterone levels follow a characteristic rise before, during and after ovulation. The progesterone level ranges between 4 and 8 ng/mL indicating that female dogs are ovulating. Blankets and towels. One drop of the sample should be placed on a warmed microscope slide. To begin with, female dogs that are to be bred require progesterone levels that exceed 4 ng/mL. The drop is not always so marked in larger dogs. However, litters have occasionally been obtained from forced matings, matings by aggressive males, and artificial inseminations of fresh semen as early as 3 - 5 days before the LH surge. Mating rarely fertile, Morulae inside zona pellucida found in uterine horns, Intra-uterine migration of blastocysts between horns, Ultrasound (U/S) does not detect any difference due to pregnancy, Enlargement of embryos and thinning of zona pellucida, Blastocyst enlargement continues. In early-mated bitches, a sperm probably penetrates each egg shortly after it is ovulated, but the male pronucleus once formed has to wait for the egg to mature. However they are never detectable before Day 23 and are likely to be detectable with any instrument by Day 28 - 30. Welcome, all female dog owners who have heard of dog progesterone levels but are not quite sure what they mean. Keep in mind that these symptoms are not specific to low progesterone values and they may indicate an underlying health condition. 30-35: Some dogs still conceive with progesterones in this level, especially those who are still 3-6 days One should also consider weekends and bank holidays. Since that time, surgical deposition of semen into the uterus has become a routine technique used in numerous situations encountered in canine reproductive medicine. The interval of nearly 3 days required for oocyte maturation after ovulation has been estimated in at least two ways. Overview of current parturition prediction methods. To find out the progesterone value of an intact female dog, breeders must monitor the whole estrous cycle from the first day to the last. 1. The knowledge of the progesterone levels and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during the female dog's heat can determine the time of ovulation and then the date of birth of the resulting puppies. Bred later: 4-8 cell embryo. Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced by the corpora lutea and, uniquely in the bitch, by maturing follicles. We know the progesterone level at the time of ovulation. Fresh chilled semen uses energy as it is cooled to 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) and eventually re-warmed to body temperature. Prior to coming in season (estrus), serum progesterone levels in the bitch are low, less than 2ng (ng=nanograms). Why true gestation length is not always obviously longer in these "late-bred" bitches is not clear, but there are two likely reasons. Current Veterinary Therapy, Small Animal Practice, Vol. That is true, despite the fact that the normal interval from breeding to whelping can range from 55 to 70 days. AI uses fresh chilled semen or frozen semen that is artificially inserted into the female dogs reproductive tract. The progesterone secretion pattern is unique for each female dog. Thus, a bitch should begin breeding 2-4 days after the progesterone rises over 2 ng/ml. To determine the days of mating two factors have to be considered: ovulation and maturation. Progesterone level rise and fall are time limited which means that breeders have to choose the right time to breed their female dog. UC Davis veterinary hospital small animal clinic, Animal Health Topics / School of Veterinary Medicine. So the optimal progesterone value for a female dog is between 5 to 10 ng/mL and above. Progesterone levels should be measured between day five and seven after you have noticed the previously mentioned signs of proestrus. Progesterone levels decrease which is a natural part of a female dogs estrous cycle. Some of the major events of pregnancy in the dog include the following, based on previous reviews and reports [1-8]. These values can be used to judge the quality of the thaw before insemination. There is also anecdotal evidence that incidence of prematurity, irregularities of fetal heart rates, and neonatal deaths can be reduced by first confirming that the bitch is at term by assay of serum progesterone, but no reports have been published. The cost of daily testing, owner compliance and veterinarian availability for testing every day have created some problems for this testing method. An overall conception rate of 67% (24/36) was obtained with a mean litter size of 6.4. Progesterone above 3 ng/ml, Progesterone begins to decline. The bitch owner is instructed to confine the bitch or restrict her activity for 1 to 2 hours post-insemination. A study on progesterone concentrations in pregnant dogs included a total of 126 female dogs of different dog breeds. When fertility is optimal, progesterone values If the progesterone is still high the bitch is not ready, if it is low the puppies are ready and a Caesarean section can be attempted. E) Males with lowered or compromised spermatozoa numbers--little work has been done in the canine to definitively define minimum semen parameters necessary for conception. A form describing the semen's quality, both pre and post thaw, should have accompanied the shipment. 77(4), Dec. 2022, International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction, Patologa endocrina - Argos N243, Noviembre 2022, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Traumatologa y neurologa - Argos N242, Octubre 2022, Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery (5th Edition), Medicina felina - Argos N241, Septiembre 2022, Veterinary Evidence - Vol 7 N2, Apr-Jun 2022, Veterinary Evidence - Vol 7 N3, Jul-Sep 2022, Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine - Vol. Left to their own devices, most dogs would breed at an appropriate time for conception. There are various ways to monitor the hormones in a cycling bitch including vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy, progesterone levels, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Such understanding is also important for decision-making in cases of pregnancy failure, elective caesarian section and dystocia. Our furry best friends need more than they deserve for all the love theyre giving unconditionally. Female dog ovulation and progesterone level increase following an initial rise of the luteinizing hormone (LH peak). 0
This problem can be avoided by using progesterone levels to approximate ovulation in the bitch. WebIf the dog becomes pregnant, progesterone levels stay high and the pregnancy lasts for about 6264 days. It may also be necessary to alter the insemination method to that of an intra-uterine deposition of the fresh chilled sperm to further reduce sperm cell stress and to aid its arrival at the fallopian tubes. We have put up a dog progesterone levels chart that not only shows progesterone levels but also answers the most frequently asked questions when it comes to female dogs reproductive tract and health. 4. "@LjiB v
For SI (Surgical Insemination), we plan the insemination when the progesterone has risen between 15 to 25 ng/ml. SURGICAL INTRA-UTERINE DEPOSITION OF SEMEN. Even though progesterone ELISA tests are relatively simple to perform and are done within 30 minutes, they might not be as accurate as laboratory tests. Some female dogs experience cramps but this is not the most common sign of progesterone rise. The rest of the sample should be refrigerated. WebInsemination should takeplace 4 days after the progesterone reaches the 2.5 ng/ml mark or 48 hours after the 5 ng/ml mark. Serum progesterone is at peak concentration between Days 15 and 30, and may reach peaks as high as 80 ng/ml (240 nmol/L ) or as low as 15 ng/ml (45 nmol/L ). (Average wait time one hour), Step Three You wait for the test results and hope you got the timing right! Artificial insemination is very different from natural breeding in dogs. The progesterone level ranges between 4 and 8 ng/mL indicating that female dogs are ovulating. WebThe mean progressive post-thaw motility of semen was 60%. [7-10] Using ultrasound, the time of early detection of heart beat depends on instrumentation, experience and preparation of the abdomen. One is based on estimating how long after ovulation that matings from different males can still result in pups with different sires. To put it simply, dog progesterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and ovaries. What Causes A Dogs Progesterone Level To Go Up? How should artificial insemination be done? Dustin Decker Co-owner of MR Diagnostic Services and CanineP4.com, Progesterone test for dogs is the best way to time your dogs breeding. 0. Do you perform surgical inseminations? Frozen semen does require even more precise handling than fresh cooled semen. This is the period when progesterone rises rapidly. The test develops a distinct colored line (red) when the serum lh rises above 1 ngm/ml. Testing of the blood must be done every 24 hours, since the LH spike or increase lasts for only 24 hours or less. Progesterone levels are usually less than 1.0 ng/ml before the LH spike, rising to 3 to 4 ng/ml the day following the LH spike. What most of us forget is that as professionals our time has a price tag attached to it even if we think our time is free to us. Obvious increase in mammary development, X-ray readily detects limbs and pelvis; possibly teeth, X-ray readily detects teeth by now or next day. WebPlasma progesterone levels of >2 ng/ml (6 nmol/l): retest in 2 days Plasma progesterone levels of >25 ng/mol (75 nmol/l) usually indicate the end of the fertile period Possible The author also finds it useful to count the days from mating in her own calendar as owners sometimes make mistakes. Progesterone test for dogs has become a very big business! There has got to be a better way! In: Kirk RW, ed. Nevertheless, estimating the day of whelping as 65 days after the estimated day of the LH surge can be helpful to dog owners and aid in scheduling whelping management services. How much time would this baby save you each and every time you need Professional in-home canine progesterone testing for your dogs!
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