[95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. TRBS Host Ralph Bailey talks about the 2001 war film Conspiracy & how the film depicts the actions of Adolf Eichmann & Reinhard Heydrich at the beginning of the Holocaust. Omissions? Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were murdered in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp. Heydrich was instrumental in the Nisko and Lublin plans to confine Jews to limited districts set up to contain them and in the proposed deportation of all European Jews to the island of Madagascar, a plan that was never implemented. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 3. [114] Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops murdered more than two million people, including 1.3million Jews. [23], As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles as well as Germany's large war debt, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. Eberstein met Heydrich at the train station and took him to see Himmler. He drove from the castle on the morning of May 27, 1942, to Prague, where his car was ambushed. Thousands have signed an internet petition opposing having anything to do with his offer. WebNazi German official Reinhard Heydrich was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the paramilitary corps known as the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), or SS. People disappeared without a trace with no one told of their whereabouts or fate. He was later executed in retaliation for Heydrich's assassination. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. As Heydrich's car slowed, Gabk took aim with a Sten submachine gun, but it jammed and failed to fire. [a] The decree remained in effect after Heydrich's death. Unemployment insurance was established for the first time. [6] Lina ignored this message, packed Reinhard's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. Besides the secret police, he was responsible for all of the criminal police. [35][36] Lina ignored this message, packed Heydrich's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. [118], On 10 October 1941, Heydrich was the senior officer at a "Final Solution" meeting of the RSHA[d] in Prague that discussed deporting 50,000 Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to ghettos in Minsk and Riga. WebIn a time of barbarity, Reinhard Tristan Heydrich, the Hangman, stood out as one of the cruelest and most brutal mass murderers in Nazi Germany. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire and tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. [14], Lina Heydrich was cleared during the de-Nazification proceedings after the war's end. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. He often drove alone in a car with an open roof a show of his confidence in the occupation forces and in his government's effectiveness. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). WebBirthdate: December 28, 1934. Reinhard lived in Halle. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. The Gestapo Law, passed in 1936, gave police the right to act extra-legally. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. Heinze was born the following year on September 29, 1905. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. His father came from a Protestant family, but converted to Elisabeth's Roman Catholic faith upon marriage. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). On 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, Heydrich fell into a coma and never regained consciousness. Even by the low standards of high-ranking Nazi officials, Heydrich was a monstrous human being. [14] The household was strict. Heydrich was mortally wounded in Prague on 27 May 1942 as a result of Operation Anthropoid. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Libor Holik, mayor of the municipality, said: 'I had a chance to talk with Heider Heydrich in order to put the chateau into its original shape. Reinhard heydrich part iii codoh. The son was only ten years old when he left Panenske Brezany at the end of World War Two, so he did not know what war was then.'. Himmler was so impressed that he hired Heydrich immediately. In 1939 Heydrich became head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Central Office), which was in charge of all security and secret police in the Third Reich. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. [53] Himmler named Heydrich to head the Gestapo on 22 April 1934. [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership. Lutze was appointed SA's new head and it was converted into a sports and training organisation. Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. [9] He and Lina wed at a small church in Groenbrode on 26 December 1931. The following year, Heydrich's SD was given responsibility for carrying out the Nacht und Nebel (Night-and-Fog) decree. During Kristallnacht in November 1938, Heydrich ordered the arrest of thousands of Jews by the Gestapo and the SS and their imprisonment in concentration camps. [38] Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation. Hitler approved Heydrich's plan to act immediately. Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. On 29 November 1939, Heydrich issued a cable about the "Evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps, and giving guidance surrounding the December 1939 census, which would be the basis on which those deportations were performed. Courtesy of Stephen and Irene Parris. Right, his son Heider has said he wants to restore his father's castle outside Prague, Outrage: The upper castle at Panenske Brezany, near Prague. [42], In January 1937, Heydrich directed the SD to secretly begin collecting and analysing public opinion and report back its findings. The gestapo and german society political denunciation in. Establishing ghettos in the Protectorate was also planned, resulting in the construction of the Theresienstadt Ghetto,[120] where 33,000 people would eventually die. In December 1930 he attended a rowing-club ball and met Lina von Osten. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. [68] He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). His success in pacifying the Czech population lulled Heydrich into a false sense of security, and on May 27, 1942, two Free Czech agents mortally wounded him with a bomb while he was riding in his car without an armed escort. Outrage is growing in the Czech Republic after the son of the country's bloodthirsty Nazi leader said he wanted to restore the castle where his father lived during the Second World War. Heydrich ordered his driver, Klein, to halt and attempted to confront Gabk rather than speed away. After Heydrich's funeral in Berlin - the biggest of its kind in Nazi Germany - he and his mother continued to live in the castle until approaching Red Army troops forced them in 1945 to head back into Germany, where he now lives. It involved a fake attack on the German radio station at Gleiwitz on 31 August 1939. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. Heinz Siegfried Heydrich was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of SS General Reinhard Heydrich. In 1933, Heydrich gathered some of his men from the SD and together they stormed police headquarters in Munich and took over the organisation using intimidation tactics. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. She kept several dozen prisoners at the estate for forced labour. Heydrich joined a Freikorps paramilitary unit in 1919 and entered the German navy in 1922. Halle was not spared. Those associated with it or the resistance movement were tortured or executed. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. [127] To get from his home to the airport, Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge. [58], With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear. Heydrichs father, who directed a musical conservatory and sang Wagnerian roles in the opera, exposed his son to the cult of Richard Wagner, and his mother was a stern disciplinarian; the family was falsely suspected of partial Jewish ancestry. [7] He returned to Hamburg with the good news. Almost all avenues by which Czechs could express the Czech culture in public were closed. Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. During 1931, SS Leader Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. [121] In 1941 Himmler named Heydrich as "responsible for implementing" the forced movement of 60,000 Jews from Germany and Czechoslovakia to the d (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto in Poland. In the WVHA "Central Inmate File", as in many camp files, these prisoners would be given a special "covert prisoner" code, as opposed to the code for POW, Felon, Jew, Gypsy, etc. [145] She remarried once and died in 1985. [140] Nevertheless, on 16 December 2019, the BBC reported that Heydrich's unmarked grave had been opened by unknown persons, without anything being taken. Heydrich started his rule by terrorising the population: he proclaimed martial law, and 142 people were executed within five days of his arrival in Prague. Later, in the Soviet Union, they were charged with rounding up and murdering Jews via firing squad and gas vans. During World War II, while serving as one of the highest ranking officers in the SS, Heydrich was also a Reserve Officer in the less intimidating rank of a Luftwaffe Captain. Between April and November 1942, 79,000 Czech workers were taken in this manner for work within Nazi Germany. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. 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