Using these assumptions, the waste flows between the disaggregated waste management sectors are divided by the total waste shipped between 562 sectors (as indicated in the RCRAInfo data) to obtain a percent allocation value. USEEIO v2.0 was built in useeior v1.0.061. As described above, direct SMOG impacts have decreased substantially in these two sectors specifically. USEEIO models are under continuous revision with intermittent releases. Library of emission factors and other parameters with background documentation or technical references. The 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use Tables Before Redefinitions in Producers Price are used as the underlying IO tables. Although these emissions are not under the organizations control, the organization may be able to affect the activities that result in the emissions. However, the overall effects of any allocation scheme to the imports and exports sectors is fairly small, as they account for a small portion of total commodity use. environmental pollution waste material air pollution water pollution, economic input-output data environmental release data resource use data. SMOG impacts are driven by emissions of NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The BEA IO sector codes are based on the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). For v2.0, national totals by sector are modeled by NAICS 6-digit codes. Both versions of sector attribution modeling use the IWMS statistics on water application rates. Monthly Energy Review - 2014. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). However, revisions to mappings between SCC codes and sectors, and updates in data collection lead to some notable differences in sector emissions including: Increase in emissions for construction sectors. 54, 30913102, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06024 (2020). Electricity and Drinking Water) or construction activities (e.g., Highways, Streets and Bridges, and Utilities Buildings and Infrastructure), which are sectors dominated by domestic activities. There are two exceptions to these allocation values in the Make table row disaggregation. Where particular elementary flows are reported in each dataset, flows are maintained from the DMR when a facility reports to both. The new commodity names assigned to the BEA codes are part of the primary data record, in the commodities_meta sheet. L, the Leontief inverse, or the total requirements matrix, is obtained from A, using Eq. Where multiple 6-digit NAICS are present, the following assumptions are used: 56211: Most of the flows are to the Hazardous waste collection sector (more detail on this below). Ingwersen, W., Li, M. & Young, B. 158, 308318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.150 (2017). J.V. A selected comparable model result matrix (N) and sector rankings derived from full model LCIA calculations are appropriate for this validation and comparison, because they represent measures resulting from the combination of all model components both at the unit scale (impact per USD) and as a result of total US production and consumption. In Eq. Here we describe updates made for eight satellite tables to reflect new methods for flow sector attribution modeling. Meyer, D. E., Li, M. & Ingwersen, W. W. Analyzing economy-scale solid waste generation using the United States environmentally-extended input-output model. & A., P. M. Concepts and Methods of the U.S. Input-Output Accounts. EPA 430-R-18-003 https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2016 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018). That is, for each row in the waste management columns, the original value is multiplied by these default percentages and assigned to the corresponding disaggregated column along that row. Young, B., Birney, C., Chiquelin, C. & Ingwersen, W. National criteria and hazardous air pollutant totals by industry 2017 v1.1. Global warming potential (GWP) is a factor describing the radiative forcing impact (degree of harm to the atmosphere) of one unit of a given GHG, relative to one unit of CO 2 over a 100-year time horizon. Ingwersen, W. & Li, M. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. Learn More Three standard national level demand vectors were created for use with the model to calculate potential impacts of US consumption, production and consumption from households. Reviewed and released models are listed on the model technical content webpage . Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. Amazon used USEEIO as a source for life cycle CO2e factors in their corporate carbon footprint calculation for estimating part of their carbon footprint related to purchased goods and services and their facilities. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2010/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017). A is created from the normalized forms of the Model Make, V, and Use, U, tables. This method for creating the A matrix is based on the industry- technology assumption, wherein the manufacture of the primary and any secondary commodities by an industry uses the same production requirements, and the commodity requirements are based therefore on the mix of industries that produce that commodity, weighted by their relative share of total commodity output16. & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411. Once all the requirements are installed, the generation of v2.0 takes place in a single buildModel function to load the various data components and build the model. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0, $$A=U{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{I,y}={E}_{I,z}{\widehat{x}}_{z,y}^{-1}$$, $${x}_{i,y}={x}_{i,a}\ast {\rho }_{i,z- > y}$$, $${\rho }_{i,z- > y}=\frac{p{i}_{i,y}}{p{i}_{i,z}}$$, $${\varPhi }_{c},y=\frac{{q}_{PRO,c,y}}{{q}_{PUR,c,y}}$$, $${q}_{PUR,c,y}={q}_{c}{P}_{c,y}+{t}_{c,y}{P}_{t,y}+{w}_{c,y}{P}_{w,y}+{r}_{c,y}{P}_{r,y}$$, $${P}_{m,y}=\frac{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}{P}_{c,y}}{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}}$$, $${y}_{p}={y}_{c}+{y}_{e}+{y}_{m}+{y}_{\delta }$$, $$r{c}_{f},n=\frac{{m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum \left({m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }\right)}$$, $$r{c}_{c},n=\frac{{l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum ({l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} })}$$, $${A}_{d}={U}_{d}{\widehat{x}}^{-1}\ast V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${E}_{c}={({C}_{m}{E}_{i}^{{\prime} })}^{{\prime} }$$, $${C}_{m}={V}^{{\prime} }{\widehat{x}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{\chi ,c}={B}_{i}\,\circ \,\chi V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $$i=w{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}L$$, $${H}_{i,c}={{\rm{\$}}}_{c}{N}_{i,c}{P}_{c,y}{\varPhi }_{c,y}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7. 44, 21262130, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903147k (2010). For instance, BEA code 1111A0 oilseed farming only connects to NAICS 5-digit codes 11111 soybean farming and 11112 oilseed (except soybean) farming in the table, but in fact 11111 and 11112 have single child codes 111110 soybean farming and 111120 oilseed (except soybean) farming, respectively, as well as shared parent codes 1111 oilseed and grain farming, 111 crop production, and 11 agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. The change in crop categorization coupled with differences in survey responses resulted in changes in industry impact intensity. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/ (2016). 1. P is a commodity x year currency year adjustment matrix. USEEIO Model Overview and EEIO Primer. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370073 (2022). Ingwersen, W., Li, M., Young, B., Vendries, J. 2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). The USEEIO Modeling Framework for USEEIO v2.09 provides an overview of the source code along with links to useeior and supporting software packages. To ensure that these changes do not violate the balance required to build the model, both the commodity and industry totals of the Make and Use tables were compared after the disaggregation process to the original datasets in a commodity-to-commodity and industry-to-industry comparison. However, these models did not incorporate additional sector disaggregation, did not include domestic model variants, lacked other environmental matrices and associated indicators described for v2.0 herein, and the full set of matrices for these models were not published. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=44630 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011). These sections are disaggregated sequentially, and all the disaggregated components of the tables are combined at the end of the process. 28. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. National emissions inventory 2017. https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-inventory-nei (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019). The R package useeior v1.0.061 was used for USEEIO v2.0 model creation. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_prod_sum_a_EPG0_FGW_mmcf_m.htm (2021). The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value. 22. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. This sector provides a wide range of services from non-hazardous waste landfilling and recycling to contaminated site remediation. Depicts a calculation for estimating GHG emissions applying the emission factor of a power plant that produces a quantity of electricity (identified by the activity data e.g., a utility invoice) that is consumed by an end-user (not pictured in the graphic). Nonpoint criteria and toxic air emissions are sourced from the 2017 Nonpoint, Nonroad, and Onroad NEI datasets28. A series of coefficient matrices are provided that are products of combining more than one of the economic, physical flow, and indicator components. For SMOG, decreases are also apparent in agricultural sectors and many manufacturing sectors where decreases in impact intensity for Wood pulp, Paints and Cement stand out. led on the disaggregation methodology and associated software development in useeior, and wrote the associated section in the manuscript. CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). This paper describes the development of the model and accompanies the release of a full model dataset as well as various supporting datasets of national environmental totals by US industry. Additionally, to support the use of the FEDEFL for the new environmental data, flows used in the indicators also were updated to correspond to the FEDEFL. In the original analysis, industrial water was allocated to NAICS 3133 using 3-digit NAICS Canadian Industrial Water Use statistics, scaled to US production by US GDP. The production vector adds to the consumption vector the net trade balance as well as inventory/stock changes. Definition. The relationship table presents a hierarchy of the BEA codes at three levels of detail: sector (21 sector groups), summary (71 sector groups), and detail (405 sector groups), as well as how each level relates to the NAICS code structure. Google Scholar. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. 16, 157167, https://doi.org/10.1080/0953531042000219286 (2004). Additionally, QCEW publishes state and county employment data used in other sector attribution models used in USEEIO v2.0. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA, General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA, Eastern Research Group, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA, You can also search for this author in 8. The economic data base year for v2.0 is 2012, corresponding to the latest detailed IO tables10. A model configuration file was first created to define all the model input data and characteristics. 36 are used to create the satellite matrix of environmental flow coefficients, B, in a physical unit per dollar output for a commodity in the model that can be used with the economic data for industries from another year. Internet Explorer). Introduction [ edit] RCRAInfo data are available by 5- and 6-digit NAICS codes, which map to the disaggregated sectors as shown in Table6. State level USDA CoA data are used to calculate fractions of land use by animal type, which are multiplied by state level MLU pasture and grazed land. The Make table intersection is allocated using the total Use table commodity output, adjusted for any manual allocations performed for the disaggregation of the Make table columns. 66, 283291, https://doi.org/10.2307/1925829 (1984). U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1369615 (2017). The consumption vector is defined in Eq. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. OZON showed decreased or little change in nearly all sectors. In v1, the Scrap commodity was removed from the model following a methodology presented by BEA for deriving a total requirements matrix11. Direct HRSP impacts in agricultural sectors for crops account for a significant share of total impacts (e.g. This subset describes the waste flows from the receiving facilities point of view, ideal for tracking the information regarding how the waste is managed. Domestic Proportion of the Impacts of US Consumption. The scope 3 emissions for one organization are the scope 1 and 2 emissions of another organization. EXIOBASE is a global, detailed Multi-Regional Environmentally Extended Supply-Use Table (MR-SUT) and Input-Output Table (MR-IOT). EF Hub. EPA Home Science Inventory Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. PubMed Central The B or D matrices may be used for similar purposes but only include the direct impact or flow per USD. Two matrices are provided that enable price adjustments in the model coefficient matrices (B, D, M, or N). Environmental flows are transformed from source data schema, typically NAICS 2012 codes, to USEEIO schema (e.g. An official website of the United States government. The major challenge with this section is establishing accurate IO transactions between the disaggregated sectors by using both monetary and material flow data. The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. sectors in an EEIO model) that drive a particular indicator value is a conventional analytical practice in life cycle assessment18. 2021 edition of the Emission factors data package. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1522413 (2021). Young, B. et al. Matrix algebra is used to represent the steps of creating the USEEIO model, using conventions for variable names commonly used in a mix of standard references for IO analysis16 and LCA17, and the existing USEEIO model documentation. This is an update from v1.1, where value added data were taken from BEA Summary level Use tables for more recent years and adjusted as described in the documentation5. If fuel activity data are available, the fuel-based method should be used, so the factors presented in Tables 2 and 3 would be applicable. However, in v2.0, releases to water also include organic enrichment, sediments, and other compounds tracked within the DMR. CAS EPA Report: Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities Many organizations quantify greenhouse emissions in their value chain. The 2016 values are applied across all years and will be updated in more recent years as new data sets are . These novel elements as well as model fundamentals are described in this paper. 6, 3392, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03392 (2021). Water data for the nation 2015. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). Thank you for visiting nature.com. The final model is provided in the National Land Occupation Totals By Industry 2012 v1.1 dataset44. The organization may also be able to influence its suppliers or choose which vendors to contract with based on their practices. This equation is shown in Eq. The value added sectors are the wages, taxes, and gross operating surplus for the industries present in the USEEIO model. In v1 models, the direct and total requirements were determined from analysis to be adequate in representation of 2013 conditions (see SI1 from Yang et al. In agricultural sectors, the consumption of other agricultural commodities are the primary drivers of SMOG. D is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each column i the direct impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. Overview Emissions Factors FAQ Data sets Emissions factors 2 files Emissions factors File Updated Download IEA Emissions Factors 2021 15/09/2021 XLS IEA Emissions Factors 2021 (light version) 15/09/2021 XLSB Schedule
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